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Mbugua's avatar

Outstanding work as always. Kudos!!

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isaac Samuel's avatar

Thank you.

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Black History Snippets's avatar

Thanks for excellent article filled with details and pictures! I have been to the ruins on Mafia Island, which I thought were very impressive, but I didn't know about the ruins further south. Thank you so much for the pictures!

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isaac Samuel's avatar

grateful.

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Oluwakemi Agbato's avatar

Thank you so much for your work. I'm hoping you would do a deep dive on pre colonial Africa & it's gemstones

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Robert A Mosher (he/him)'s avatar

Fascinating as I am just 2 weeks back from a tour of archaelogical/historical sites in Ireland covering at least some of the same periods - but also including early medieval religious ruins reflecting both the Irish church and the Roman church which came to dominate; as well as neolithic sites - passage graves, ring forts, etc. Changing subjects, the term Swahili clearly now captures much more than just a language in Africa, is there a definition of "Swahili" that would reflect your usage here?

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isaac Samuel's avatar

The archaeologists and historians typically use it as a catch-all term for the diverse societies of the precolonial East African coast. Its use depends heavily on context and the given period (since the term isn't endogenous to the region and also wasn't really used by the people it describes), but Swahili generally refers to the east african muslims who lived in the coastal urban settlements and spoke various dialects of the Swahili language. Like all ethnic identities and social constructs, it's defined in opposition to an 'other', in this case mostly "newcomer" muslims like the Omanis and Hadramis that mostly arrived in the 18th and 19th centuries, and non-muslim mainland groups like the Mijikenda and Nyamwezi. Randall Pouwels does a great job breaking this complex identity down in his book 'Horn and Crescent,' but it would take entire libraries to deconstruct Swahili identity.

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